Aux
An auxiliary output used to send a separate mix to headphones, monitors, or effects. In the studio, aux sends are often used for performer monitoring.
Section 02.4
Glossary
Short definitions for the audio terms used across the SOP.
Bit Depth
The resolution of each audio sample. Higher bit depth gives more dynamic range and safer headroom while recording.
Buffer Size
The amount of audio the computer processes at once. Smaller buffer means lower latency, while larger buffer is safer for heavy sessions.
Bus
A shared audio path that combines or routes multiple channels. Buses are useful for group processing and headphone mixes.
Channel Strip
A set of processing tools on one channel, usually including gain, EQ, compression, and routing. Plugins can emulate classic console channel strips.
Clipping
Distortion caused when a signal is too loud for the system. If you see red meters, reduce gain immediately.
Compression
A processor that reduces the difference between loud and soft parts. It helps vocals and instruments feel more controlled in a mix.
Condenser microphone
A sensitive microphone type that usually needs phantom power. It is often used for vocals, acoustic instruments, and detailed recording.
DAW
Digital Audio Workstation, the software used to record, edit, and mix audio. Logic Pro is the GMIS studio DAW.
dB
Decibel, the unit used to measure audio level. Small dB changes can make a big difference in perceived loudness.
Direct Box (DI)
A device that converts instrument signals into a clean balanced signal for mixers. Use it for bass, keyboard, and some guitar processors.
Dynamic microphone
A durable microphone type that handles loud sources well. SM57 and SM58 microphones are common dynamic mics.
EQ
Equalization, used to shape tone by boosting or cutting frequency ranges. EQ can remove mud, add clarity, or control harshness.
Gain
The input level before mixing and processing. Set gain so the signal is strong but does not clip.
Headroom
The safety space between the current level and clipping. More headroom helps prevent distortion during loud moments.
Latency
Delay between playing or singing and hearing the result. Lower latency feels more natural for recording.
MIDI
Musical data that tells software what notes and controls were played. MIDI does not contain audio by itself.
Mono
A single audio channel. Vocals, bass, and many microphones are usually recorded in mono.
Multi-track
Recording multiple sources onto separate tracks. This allows each instrument or microphone to be edited and mixed independently.
Phantom Power (48V)
Power sent through an XLR cable for condenser microphones and active DI boxes. Only turn it on when the connected device needs it.
Phase
The timing relationship between similar audio signals. Phase problems can make sound thin or hollow when multiple microphones are used.
Plugin
Software that adds instruments or audio processing inside a DAW. UAD API Vision and Manley Voxbox are plugins.
Polar Pattern
The direction a microphone listens from. Cardioid mainly captures sound from the front and rejects some sound from the back.
Pre/Post Fader
Pre-fader sends ignore the channel fader, while post-fader sends follow it. Monitor mixes commonly use pre-fader sends.
Reverb
An effect that simulates the reflections of a room or hall. It adds space and depth when used carefully.
Routing
The path audio takes from input to output. Good routing makes recording, monitoring, and playback predictable.
Sample Rate
How many times per second audio is captured digitally. Common rates include 44.1 kHz and 48 kHz.
Scene
A saved mixer setup that can recall routing, levels, and settings. Use scenes carefully so existing work is not overwritten.
Send/Return
A workflow for sending audio to shared effects and returning the processed sound. It is common for reverb and delay.
Signal Flow
The full journey of sound through microphones, mixers, computers, processors, and speakers. Understanding signal flow helps solve most studio problems.
Stagebox
A remote input and output box placed near performers. The S16 sends many channels to the X32 over one network cable.
Stereo
Two audio channels, left and right. Stereo is used for many keyboards, overhead microphones, and final playback.